. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. BARK—LEAF. 157 cellular tissue). They lie next the cambium, and are active in the work of circulation. They belong to the pith- system. 2. Fibrous cells, sometimes called Bast-cells, though bast is merely a German word meaning the same thing. They belong to the wood-system. In gymnogens, as we know (81), there is little difference between the wood and the barli, though the stem is exogenous in structure. In the fully-developed exogens, however, the liber is composed of fib
. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. BARK—LEAF. 157 cellular tissue). They lie next the cambium, and are active in the work of circulation. They belong to the pith- system. 2. Fibrous cells, sometimes called Bast-cells, though bast is merely a German word meaning the same thing. They belong to the wood-system. In gymnogens, as we know (81), there is little difference between the wood and the barli, though the stem is exogenous in structure. In the fully-developed exogens, however, the liber is composed of fibres much longer, finer, and stronger than those of the wood; they are also of dazzling whiteness and extreme flexibility. The liber abounds in hemp and flax, furnishing the well-known staples. The liber of the linden, or lime-tree (sometimes called bass- wood, a cor- ruption of bast), is used to make Rus- sia matting. The 1 a c e- bark-tree of the West In dies (Fig. 230) gets its names from its abundant and exqui- sitely fine liber, al- ready woven into lace in the tree, which needs only to be removed and made up into shapes. It is more durable than lace, and more easily laundried. Our leatherwood (Dirca) belongs to the same Order; its liber is made into thongs. These fibrous liber-cells are not essential to the life of the plant. In the beech-bark few fibrous cells are produced after the first year. In the linden and lace-bark they continue, increasing each year by a layer applied to the inner surface of the older liber. They grow longitudinally, like the wood. 385. Green, or Middle, Bark (Fig. 229, g) is purely cel- lular, full of parenchyma, and abounding in chlorophyl. It does not increase after the first year, and is finally obliterated. 14. Fig. 229.—TraiiBverse section of part of a trunk of Cork Oak (Quer- cus Suber), 6 years old; showingGlayeraofwood and 6 layers of cork: m, medulla, or pith; Tns^ medullary- sheath; hiu, heartwood; nw, new wood, or sapwood; ca, camb
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