. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . -^H^^,^ Building a Culvert. of masons and stone-cut-ters, who move from pointto point. But the generalpractice is to put in tem-porary trestle-work oftimber resting upon piles,which trestle-work is re-newed in the shape ofstone culverts coveredby embankments, or ironbridges resting on stone abutments and built after the road is run-ning. The pile-driver plays a very important part therefore in theconstruction of our railroads, and has been brought to great per-fection. It is worked by a small boiler and engine,
. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . -^H^^,^ Building a Culvert. of masons and stone-cut-ters, who move from pointto point. But the generalpractice is to put in tem-porary trestle-work oftimber resting upon piles,which trestle-work is re-newed in the shape ofstone culverts coveredby embankments, or ironbridges resting on stone abutments and built after the road is run-ning. The pile-driver plays a very important part therefore in theconstruction of our railroads, and has been brought to great per-fection. It is worked by a small boiler and engine, and gives itsblows with great rapidity. It drags the piles up to leaders and SHARP CURVES TO AVOW TUNNELS. 23. lifts them into place by steam-power, so that it is worked by asmall gang of men. Finally, it is as portable as a pedlers cart,and as soon as it has finished one job it is taken to pieces, packedupon wagons, andmoved on to the nextjob. Tunnels are neitherso long nor so frequentupon American rail-ways as upon those ofEurope. The longestare from two to twoand a half miles long,except one, the Hoosac, aboutfour miles. Sometimes theyare unavoidable. The ridofe called Ber-gen Hill, west of Ho-boken, N. J., is a casein point. This ispierced by the tunnelsof the West Shore, ofthe Delaware, Lacka-wanna, and Western,and of the Erie, thelast two of which, asshown on page 25, areplaced at different lev-els to enable one roadto pass over the is by our system of using sharp curves that we avoid tun-nels. It may be said, in general terms, that American engineershave shown more skill in avoiding the necessity of tunnels thancould possibly be shown in constructing them. When we are KALEVIMAG
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