. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. 528 ANATOinr OF tliey are more acute-angled and directed backward. In the Toad (Bufo) the chordfe vocales are thin elastic membranes, and in two pairs, fig. .351, a and h : the saccidi are seen to be lodged in the large arytenoid cartilages. The males of the common and edible Frogs {Rana) have two submandibular sacs, the male Tree-Frog {Hyla) has one such sac, opening by a straight canal into the larynx, and susceptible of con- siderable distension by air during the croak. All these diversities of laryngeal
. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. 528 ANATOinr OF tliey are more acute-angled and directed backward. In the Toad (Bufo) the chordfe vocales are thin elastic membranes, and in two pairs, fig. .351, a and h : the saccidi are seen to be lodged in the large arytenoid cartilages. The males of the common and edible Frogs {Rana) have two submandibular sacs, the male Tree-Frog {Hyla) has one such sac, opening by a straight canal into the larynx, and susceptible of con- siderable distension by air during the croak. All these diversities of laryngeal structure affect the loudness, deepness, or sharpness of the peculiar vocal notes of Frogs and Toads. The air passes to the lungs, fig. 350, (j, 351, c, d, by short bronchi, fig. 350,/!, save in the Plpa, in which the broncliial tubes are long, especially in the female. The glottis in Serpents can be drawn forward and protruded from the mouth by the action of the rjcniotracheales muscles, fio-. 147, 7j, p. 229. In marine serpents the glottis is situated very near the forepart of the mouth, and the air can be inspired at the surface without exposure of the jaws. The upper rings of the trachea coalesce to form a cricothyroid cartilage, sending forward two processes which represent the arytenoids in many Ophidia ; but which are freely articulated therewith in the great constrictors. The ' processus epiglotticus' is subquadrate in Boa. True ' chordaj vocales' are alisent; and the voice is reduced to a hissing sound produced by the action of the exjiired air upon the margins of the glottis. The rings of the trachea are entire, and the trachea varies in length in different ser- pents before it reaches the lung. Along this it continues, of decreasing breadth, with portions of the rings, as if incrusted in the pulmonary parietes, for an extent varying in different serpents. In Laccrfians a cricothyroid cartilage supports a pair of arytenoid cartilages : in most there is a cartilaginou
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Keywords: ., bookauthorowenrichard18041892, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860
