. Bonn zoological bulletin. Zoology. Taxonomy of West African Hyperolius 181 H. spatzi ID- X S' j*: >» o 6« c CD nb 4- a. 2- H. nitidulus. o's 1"5 2'0 ID- Hz) S' cy (O c nb 4- LL 2- f 1V 1"0 If Fig. 3. Waveforms, spectrograms and energy plots of the advertisement calls of Hyperolius spatzi (above) and H. nitidulus (be- low; compare Tab. 2). The Hyperolius spatzi male from Sabodala, Senegal, was recorded in a terrarium. The Hyperolius nitidulus was recorded at a savanna pond in Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast. The background noise is a chorus of other//, nitidulus males. lations a
. Bonn zoological bulletin. Zoology. Taxonomy of West African Hyperolius 181 H. spatzi ID- X S' j*: >» o 6« c CD nb 4- a. 2- H. nitidulus. o's 1"5 2'0 ID- Hz) S' cy (O c nb 4- LL 2- f 1V 1"0 If Fig. 3. Waveforms, spectrograms and energy plots of the advertisement calls of Hyperolius spatzi (above) and H. nitidulus (be- low; compare Tab. 2). The Hyperolius spatzi male from Sabodala, Senegal, was recorded in a terrarium. The Hyperolius nitidulus was recorded at a savanna pond in Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast. The background noise is a chorus of other//, nitidulus males. lations are annual (Linsenmair 1998). In more humid sa- vannas, the wet season lasts longer and frogs may reach older ages (and thus potentially a more colorful pattern). Almost all anatomical differences (position and size of choanae, position of narins, size, shape, length of extrem- ities, head width) deducible from Ahl's (1931 a, b) descrip- tions (compare Tab. 1) are identical among both taxa (for specimens investigated see Appendix 2). Both species have very short, rounded snouts, females posses a typical gular fold and males have very large vocal sacs with a large but diffuse whitish yellow gular flap (gland). Juve- niles are often almost indistinguishable. Hyperolius nitidu- lus juveniles show clear dorsolateral bands or an hour- glass pattern shortly after metamorphoses (see figs, in Rodel 2000). In dry season conditions they are uniform brown or white. Juvenile H. spatzi in dry season condi- tions are white with many small black dots, the latter sometimes being indistinct. In contrast, adult frogs are dis- tinctively colored. The dorsal surfaces of H. spatzi are chalk-white to yellow, densely beset with tiny black spots, whereas H. nitidulus is brownish or yellowish with black spots and has black lateral lines and spots (plate 18 in Leache et al. 2006). H. nitidulus has white, yellow or red- dish ventral surfaces, whereas these surfaces are exclusive- ly yellow in H. spatzi
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