. The diseases of children : medical and surgical. and, the trypsin of these secretions is active from tlicfirst. The secretion of bile begins at an early period of foetal life, probablyabout the third month ; the bile accumulates in the small intestines and ispassed as the meconium during the first few days after birth. It forms darkbrown or greenish masses, viscous and tenacious, and of a feebly acid re-action, and consists of mucus holding in suspension fatty matters, epithelialcells, biliary pigments, and cholesterine, but no bile-acids. Three or fourdays after birth the meconium is succee
. The diseases of children : medical and surgical. and, the trypsin of these secretions is active from tlicfirst. The secretion of bile begins at an early period of foetal life, probablyabout the third month ; the bile accumulates in the small intestines and ispassed as the meconium during the first few days after birth. It forms darkbrown or greenish masses, viscous and tenacious, and of a feebly acid re-action, and consists of mucus holding in suspension fatty matters, epithelialcells, biliary pigments, and cholesterine, but no bile-acids. Three or fourdays after birth the meconium is succeeded by the golden yellow semi-liquidstools characteristic of the healthy infant. This yellow colour is due to thebili-rubin of the bile ; the green colour sometimes seen in intestinal catarrhdepends upon the oxidation of the bili-rubin and formation of normal circumstances newly born infants have two or three stoolsdaily. Their character gradually changes as the infants get older, becomingmore and more like the stools of Fig. I.—Stomach of a Newly Born Infant (natural size). ITrine.—The newly born infant generally passes water within 24 hoursof its birth, and continues to do so some 10 or 12 times daily, passing aboutI oz. at a time, or about 10 oz. in 24 hours. The first urine passed is cloudyfrom the presence of uric acid and epithelial cells, and is of specific gravity1003-1006 ; later it becomes clear and of a light straw colour. It containsmore uric acid and less urea (about -5 per cent.) than does that of adults. During the whole of childhood the urine is of a paler colour, has a moredecidedly acid reaction, and lower specific gravity (1012-1015) than duringadult life (1018-1020) ; smaller quantities are also passed, but on account ofthe difficulty of collecting the total quantity the amounts have not been ac-curately determined. The following figures may be taken as approximative : Between 2-5 yrs. about 15-25 oz., containing 5-14 grammes o
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