. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RUBIACEAE 545 any of the North Frisian Islands, where the plant grows in enormous numbers on the dunes. Schulz, however, observed considerable variations as to the size of flowers at Halle and in Thuringia, the extreme forms being connected by a large series of intermediate stages. He further remarked variations between strong protandry and complete homogamy. In the latter case automatic self- pollination is possible; but is prevented at a later stage by the
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RUBIACEAE 545 any of the North Frisian Islands, where the plant grows in enormous numbers on the dunes. Schulz, however, observed considerable variations as to the size of flowers at Halle and in Thuringia, the extreme forms being connected by a large series of intermediate stages. He further remarked variations between strong protandry and complete homogamy. In the latter case automatic self- pollination is possible; but is prevented at a later stage by the stamens bending quite out of the flowers. Visitors.—Hermann MuUer gives the following list (; Bavarian Oberfals).— A. Coleoptera. {a) Cerambycidae: i. Strangalia bifasciata Mull., dvg. the anthers (T.). {b) Elateridae: 2. Agriotes gallicus Lac. (T.). (c) Mordellidae: 3. Mordella aculeata Z. (T.); 4. M. fasciata F. (T.). {d) Oedemeridae: 5. Oedemera podagrariae Z., po-dvg. (T.). (e) Scarabaeidae: 6. Cetonia aurata Z., dvg. the flowers (T.). B. Diptera. (a) Bombyliidae : 7. Anthrax flava Mg., nect-lkg. (O.).. Fig. 183. Galium verum, L, (after Herm. Miiller). (i) Youngf flower, from a plant with very small blossoms. The anthers are covered with pollen, and the stigmas are immature (X 7). (2) Older flower of the same plant with faded anthers, curved out of the corolla, and mature stigmas. (3) Flower of a plant with large blossoms, in the middle of anthesis; older than i, younger than 2 (x 7). (4) Ditto, seen from the side. (3) Conopidae: 8. Conops flavipes Z., nect-lkg. (c) Muscidae: 9. Ulidia erythro- phthalma Mg. freq., nect-lkg. (T.). ((f) Syrphidae: 10. Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg. (T.). C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 11. Halictus cylindricus F. S, nect-lkg. (O.); 12. Prosopis sp. S, nect-lkg. (O.). {b) Chrysididae: 13. Holopyga ovata Dahlb., nect-lkg. (T.). (c) Tenthredinidae: 14. Pachyprotasis rapae K., nect-lkg. D. Lepidoptera. Sphingidae: 15. Macroglos
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