Ranavalona III (1861 - 1917) last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar. She ruled from July 30, 1883 to February 28, 1897 in a reign marked by ultimately futile efforts to resist the colonial designs of the government of France. Ranavalona tried to stave off colonization by strengthening trade and diplomatic relations with foreign powers throughout her reign.

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Keywords: 20th, antananarivo, century, colonial, colonization, designs, diplomatic, foreign, france, government, iii, kingdom, madagascar, madagascar., politics, powers, ranavalona, reign, relations, ruled, sovereign, trade