. Materia medica : pharmacology, therapeutics and prescription writing for students and practitioners. ion offlatus by the intestines as theresult of a turpentine stupeapplied to the abdomen,though the intestines have nodirect anatomic connectionwith the anterior abdominalwall; or the effect of a mus-tard foot-bath in pelvic con-gestion; or of a mustard pasteon the chest in pleurisy orpneumonia. It has beendemonstrated also that coldand heat act reflexly and notdirectly, for the superficialapplication of an ice-bag or ahot-water bag has little ifany effect upon the tempera-ture of a deep-lying
. Materia medica : pharmacology, therapeutics and prescription writing for students and practitioners. ion offlatus by the intestines as theresult of a turpentine stupeapplied to the abdomen,though the intestines have nodirect anatomic connectionwith the anterior abdominalwall; or the effect of a mus-tard foot-bath in pelvic con-gestion; or of a mustard pasteon the chest in pleurisy orpneumonia. It has beendemonstrated also that coldand heat act reflexly and notdirectly, for the superficialapplication of an ice-bag or ahot-water bag has little ifany effect upon the tempera-ture of a deep-lying viscus. As working theories, Head and Hertz adopt the segmentalrelation, i. e., that the spinal cord and brain are in regular seg-ments, and that a lesion affecting a nerve from a given segmentaffects all the nerves whose centers are in that same areas, mapped out on the skin by Head as being theareas of tenderness in the various visceral affections, have not,however, been at all constant, and Mackenzie has pointed outthat in visceral lesions pain and tenderness do not appear in the. Fig. r.—Areas in which pain is some-times felt: (A) In cardiac affections; (B)in affections of the stomach; (C) in affec-tions of the liver, stomach, or duodenum;(D) in affeccions of rectum or uterus (afterJames Mackenzie, in Symptoms andTheir Interpretation). 7<D PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS whole distribution of any one segment, but in limited areas inthe distribution of two or several segments. Therefore, Macken-zie suggests a regional relation rather than a segmental one. Thegood action of these reflexes may be the result of a conferredhypersensitiveness to stimuli, to reflex changes in the circulation,or to other so far unknown effects. Rubbing the back will sometimes distinctly affect the viscera,and Mackenzies picture herewith suggests a reason for the suc-cess, in some instances, of the osteopathic plan of manipulatingthe spine and its neighborhood. That counterirritati
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