. Locomotive text for engineers and firemen; a complete treatise on the engine, electric head-light and standard code of train rules . no im-perative rule that can be recommended, by reason ofvarying conditions under which the start is made, theseconditions governing to a great extent the kind of firenecessary to be on the grates before starting. It de-pends wholly on whether or not the train will start outof the terminal upon an ascending, level or descendinggrade. In addition to building a fire up gradually, thefireman must see that the grates are loose, clinkers andashes removed, and the as


. Locomotive text for engineers and firemen; a complete treatise on the engine, electric head-light and standard code of train rules . no im-perative rule that can be recommended, by reason ofvarying conditions under which the start is made, theseconditions governing to a great extent the kind of firenecessary to be on the grates before starting. It de-pends wholly on whether or not the train will start outof the terminal upon an ascending, level or descendinggrade. In addition to building a fire up gradually, thefireman must see that the grates are loose, clinkers andashes removed, and the ash pan clean before startingfrom the enginehouse track. The coal must be brokeninto suitable size before being placed in the fire-box,never losing sight of the rule that the coal for the nextfire should be prepared immediately after putting in afire. Placing Coal in the Fire-Box. The following illus-trations show the proper methods of applying the fuelto the fire-box, in addition to showing the disadvan-tages of incorrect methods of firing. Fig. 1 shows thelong, narrow fire-box. The lines indicate how the coal LOCOMOTIVE %g. I. should be placed. The deep line (1) shows the firstshovelful of coal to be scattered evenly from the frontpart of the box back to one-third of the distance; cen-ter line (2) shows the second shovelful, to be scatteredfrom a point reached by the first shovelful back tocover two-thirds the length of the box. Lower line(3) shows the third shovelful scattered through therear portion of the box. All should be placed evenlyon one side of the fire-box, leaving on the opposite sidea bright, incandescent fire, which consumes the gasesliberated from the fresh fuel. After the fuel has be-come ignited and is burning bright, the next fire willbe placed along the opposite side of the box in thesame manner as previously


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