. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1984 Notes 369 Acknowledgments We wish to thank Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, for financing the field work that led to this observation. Literature Cited Rogers, L. L., and L. D. Mech. 1981. Interactions of wolves and black bears in Northeastern Minnesota. Jour- nal of Mammalogy 62(2); 434-436. Received 15 February 1983 Accepted 16 December 1983 The Caryopsis as a Support Organ for Germinating Wild Rice, Zizania aquatica I. L. Bayly Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario KIS 5B6 Bayly, I. L. 1983. The caryopsis as a su
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1984 Notes 369 Acknowledgments We wish to thank Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, for financing the field work that led to this observation. Literature Cited Rogers, L. L., and L. D. Mech. 1981. Interactions of wolves and black bears in Northeastern Minnesota. Jour- nal of Mammalogy 62(2); 434-436. Received 15 February 1983 Accepted 16 December 1983 The Caryopsis as a Support Organ for Germinating Wild Rice, Zizania aquatica I. L. Bayly Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario KIS 5B6 Bayly, I. L. 1983. The caryopsis as a support organ forgerminating Wild Rice, Z/za«/aa(7«a//ca. Canadian Field-Naturalist 98(3); 369-370. In both field and laboratory studies of germinating Wild K\ct {Zizania aquatica) ,\.\\s caryo'psK has been observed to function as an anchorage appendage until the young roots are able to take over this function. Key Words; Wild Rice, Zizania aquatica, caryopsis, germinating The caryopsis of Wild Rice (Zizania aquatica) has several interesting adaptive features in terms of self- sowing. It is base-heavy, and possesses a long slender, persistent awn. The fruit, together with the awn and firm persistent lemma, is armed with strong, retrorse epidermal appendages. So adapted for effective self- seeding is the entire disseminule that on abscising from the inflorescence, it falls so that the heavy base embeds itself in the sedimentary substrate. The retrorse epi- dermal appendages further aid in the successful reten- tion of the caryopsis in the substrate, effectively allow- ing it to move in only one direction, viz, deeper into the sediments. In the summer of 1982 and the winter of 1982-1983, a study of nutrient utilization in wild rice was made at Mud Lake (Ardoch, Ontario) and in the aquatic growth room at Carleton University. Both in the field and on the various laboratory substrates, a special relationship between caryopsis and the young rice plant was observed. The caryopsis is p
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