. The principles and practice of modern surgery . an arm or leg may be torn ofT by a shotor by machinery, without any loss of blood from the axillary or tibial ar-teries. For this reason, there is no hasmorrhage from the umbilical cordof young animals, which is either torn or bitten through by the , it will be readily seen that division of arteries which are diseased,or which are situated in condensed and inflamed tissues, so that they can-not contract or retract, will be followed by profuse bleeding. Treatment.—The indication is to stop the flow of blood, untilmeasures can
. The principles and practice of modern surgery . an arm or leg may be torn ofT by a shotor by machinery, without any loss of blood from the axillary or tibial ar-teries. For this reason, there is no hasmorrhage from the umbilical cordof young animals, which is either torn or bitten through by the , it will be readily seen that division of arteries which are diseased,or which are situated in condensed and inflamed tissues, so that they can-not contract or retract, will be followed by profuse bleeding. Treatment.—The indication is to stop the flow of blood, untilmeasures can be adopted for arresting it permanently. This may be doneby placing a finger on the orifice of the bleeding vessel, or by grasping itbetween the finger and thumb, if the wound is large and open;—or, bymaking pressure on the wound itself;—or by pressing the trunk of theartery above, against a bone ;—or by applying the tourniquet ;* or in de- * The tourniquet is described in the chapter on Amputations. 25* 294 WOUNDS OF ARTERIES. Fig. fault of that, a handkerchief maybe passed round the limb, and be twistedtightly with a stick. The permanent measures are ligature—torsion—pressure—cold, and styptics. Ligature.—When a ligature is tied tightly upon anartery, it divides the middle and internal coats, leavingthe external or cellular coat enclosed in the the following series of phenomena occurs. Thecut edges of the internal coats unhe by adhesion ;—the blood between the point tied and the nearest col-lateral branch coagulates and adheres to the liningmembrane ;—the ring of the cellular coat enclosed inthe ligature ulcerates;—the ligature comes away infrom five to twenty-one days, (sooner or later, accord-ing to the size of the vessel;)—and, finally, that portionof the artery which is filled with coagulum shrinks intoa fibrous cord. Now it must be observed that the elhcacy of the li-gature depends on two things. (1st) On the adhesionof the cut sur
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