. Elements of railroad track and construction . s and turnouts where the tracks crossing eachother are used equally, the speed usually being reducedat such points. There are a number of forms of stifffrogs, differing in the manner in which the various partsare fastened together, viz., riveted, bolted, and yoked orkeyed. All frogs, w^hether stiff or spring, are made ofthe same weight rail as the balance of the track. In is shown a bolted frog. It is formed of pieces of railcut and shaped to the proper form, held apart by rolledsteel fillers, and firmly bolted together. The number ofbolts
. Elements of railroad track and construction . s and turnouts where the tracks crossing eachother are used equally, the speed usually being reducedat such points. There are a number of forms of stifffrogs, differing in the manner in which the various partsare fastened together, viz., riveted, bolted, and yoked orkeyed. All frogs, w^hether stiff or spring, are made ofthe same weight rail as the balance of the track. In is shown a bolted frog. It is formed of pieces of railcut and shaped to the proper form, held apart by rolledsteel fillers, and firmly bolted together. The number ofbolts depends upon the number of the frog and the gen-eral design, five to nine bolts 1J or If inches in diameter TURNOUTS. 101 being used. One or more rivets are used in addition tothe bolts, the rails M and N being riveted together, onerivet being sho\vn in Fig. 64, and two other rivets nearthe section C D not being shown. In Figs. 65 and 66are shown two sections of the frog, A B and C D respec-tively. Bolted frogs have the advantage that damaged. parts may be replaced, but the parts of the frog are moreliable to work loose than in other forms. Frogs are made and completed in the shop andare delivered ready to lay in the track; the trackmenthen cut the track at the proper places and insertthe frog. 112. Yoked Frogs.—Yoked frogs are known by one
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