Albert Einstein, German-American Physicist
Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 - April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and the most influential physicist of the 20th century. While best known for his mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc2 and received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics. He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in America becoming a citizen in 1940. He helped alert President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon, and recommended that the begin similar research. He was in support of defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced using the new discovery of nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, together with Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955. He published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. His great intelligence and originality have made the word Einstein synonymous with genius.
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