The Iron and steel magazine . per cent and with bad conditionsit will exceed the average of 5 per cent. The causes of an excessare due to insufficient poking, a shallow fire and faulty brickwork allowing air leakages to ignite the gas before it can bedelivered to the furnace. At the best, producer gas is unsatisfactory, and the steelmelter is always at the mercy of the vigilance, or lack of it,of the gas man. One ton of bituminous coal yields 160,000 to 170,000 cubicfeet of gas, with a calorific value, at the producer, of about 2Q8 The Iron and Steel Magazine 137 B. T. U. per cubic foot. The g
The Iron and steel magazine . per cent and with bad conditionsit will exceed the average of 5 per cent. The causes of an excessare due to insufficient poking, a shallow fire and faulty brickwork allowing air leakages to ignite the gas before it can bedelivered to the furnace. At the best, producer gas is unsatisfactory, and the steelmelter is always at the mercy of the vigilance, or lack of it,of the gas man. One ton of bituminous coal yields 160,000 to 170,000 cubicfeet of gas, with a calorific value, at the producer, of about 2Q8 The Iron and Steel Magazine 137 B. T. U. per cubic foot. The gas in traveling to the furnaceloses heat units at a variable rate. The actual amount of gasdelivered to the furnace is hard to determine, owing to leakageand the consumption in drying ladles. Liquid fuels, such as crude petroleum or residuum, possessa high calorific value, usually expressed at 14,000 to 17,000B. T. U. per pound of oil. Because the oil being delivereddirectly to the furnace (see oil burning device and furnace. Detail of Washer Oil Hurner for Open Hearth Furnace Jluhber HoseConnerts Here- construction for same) and igniting, when atomized by steamor compressed air, yields its entire thermal efficiency to workwith no intermediate losses as is the case with gas, the valueof oil over the latter is marked. It is difficult to make an actual comparison beteen oiland coal for steel melting on the basis of the cost of a ton ofmetal produced. The figures may be in favor of coal in certainlocalities, and in favor of oil in others. Yet the advantages ofoil over coal in working results are so pronounced that discre-pancies in cost against oil are offset by its usefulness. Ignoring the relative costs, the principal points in favorof oil against gas will be considered: )pen Hearth Steel ( asth 2<)<) First, the higher thermal value. A cubic fool of gas willyield L37 B. T. U. Taking 10,000 B. T. II. as anone pound of oil, and allowing a cubic foot of oil at 57 n-100pounds,
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookidironsteel, booksubjectiron
