The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 2); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . identification, proposed by severalmodern writers, of the old doctors birettum withthe square college cap, popularly known as themortar-board, of the modern English college capand ecclesiasti-cal biretta haveprobably devel-oped from thesame original,but along dif-ferent at thepresent dayb i r e 11 as varyconsiderably inshape. Thoseworn by theFrench, Ger-man, and Span-ish clergy as arule have fourpeaks instead ofthree
The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 2); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . identification, proposed by severalmodern writers, of the old doctors birettum withthe square college cap, popularly known as themortar-board, of the modern English college capand ecclesiasti-cal biretta haveprobably devel-oped from thesame original,but along dif-ferent at thepresent dayb i r e 11 as varyconsiderably inshape. Thoseworn by theFrench, Ger-man, and Span-ish clergy as arule have fourpeaks instead ofthree; whileRoman customprescribes thata cardinals bi-retta shouldhave no regards us-age in wearing the biretta, the reader must bereferred for details to some of the works mentionedin the bibliography. It maj be said in general thatthe biretta is worn in processions and when seated, asalso when the priest is performing any act of jm-isdic-tion, e. g. reconciling a convert. It was formerlythe rule that a priest should always wear it in giv-ing absolution in confession, and it is probable thatthe ancient usage which requires an English judge. Drawing, a. r». 1414, Dignitaries atCouncil of Constance BIRGIDA 578 BIRMINGHAM to assume the black cap in pronouncing sentenceof death is identical in origin. Barbier de Montault, he costume ei les usages eccUsias-tiques (Paris, 1901), I. 227-236; Bock, Liturgische Gewdnder(Municn, 1866), II, 342 sqq.; de Vert, Explication des cere-monies (Paris, 1710), II, 273-277; Bonanni, Gerarchia Eccle-siastica (Rome, 1720), plates 17, 18, 19; Stahl in Kirchenlex.,II, s. V. Biret; Clark in Archaeological Journal (London, 1893and 1904), L, 147 sqq. and LXI, 32 sqq.; Robinson, ThePileus Quadratus in Transactions of St. Pauls EcclesiologicalSociety (London, 1905), V, 1-16. The most thorough accoimtis fo be found in Braun Die Liturgische Gewandung (Freiburg,1907), 321,510, 514. Herbert Thurston. Birgida, Birgit, Birgitta. See Bridget, Saint. Birinus
Size: 1356px × 1843px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, books, booksubjectcatholicchurch
