The book of stars; being a simple explanation of the stars and their uses to boy life, written to conform to the tests of the Boy scouts . the Sun, which will be explained in Chapter VII, and so shutsout the intense light of the other two layers. A cross sectionof the Sun is shown in Fig. 33. Sun Spots and Their Effect on the Earth.—Very oftengreat spots are seen on the Suns surface. These purplish blackspots appear to be holes, like the craters of volcanoes, in thephotosphere, or layer of flame next to the core of the Sun. Thesun spots are caused by great eruptions which take place in thecore
The book of stars; being a simple explanation of the stars and their uses to boy life, written to conform to the tests of the Boy scouts . the Sun, which will be explained in Chapter VII, and so shutsout the intense light of the other two layers. A cross sectionof the Sun is shown in Fig. 33. Sun Spots and Their Effect on the Earth.—Very oftengreat spots are seen on the Suns surface. These purplish blackspots appear to be holes, like the craters of volcanoes, in thephotosphere, or layer of flame next to the core of the Sun. Thesun spots are caused by great eruptions which take place in thecore of the Sun, and these sun spots, or holes, are sometimes 34 THE BOOK OF THE STARS over 100,000 miles in diameter, when they can be easily seenwith the naked eye; indeed if a sun spot has a diameter only aslarge as that of our Earth, it can be seen with the naked eye,protected, of course, with either a smoked or a colored glass, orbetter, with a pinhole telescope; in any case it will look like a. FIRST LAYER;THEPHOTOSPHERE SECOND LAYER;THE CHROMOSPHERE, THIRD LAYER;k THE CORONA Fig. 33.—Cross Section of the Sun. black speck about the size of a pinhead. Fig. 34 shows a viewof a sun spot made through a large telescope. Whenever the sun changes his spots magnetic storms takeplace on the Earth, when compass needles, telegraph and tele-phone apparatus and wireless systems are disturbed. When alarge number of spots appear at the same time on the Sun theNorthern Lights are very bright. Sun spots, however, havenothing to do with our weather, as the heat reaching the Earthis always the same. The Sun and the Weather.—Of course the Sun has every-thing to do with the weather, but to be able to predict the kindof weather we shall have even the next day is a very hard thingto do. THE SUN, BRIGHTEST OF ALL STARS 35 The changes in the weather are caused by the heat of theSun alone. The heat of the Sun produces clouds by vaporizingthe water of rivers, lakes and oceans. He causes hot and c
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