. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Photograph Copyrighted by F. E. Dean, Grand Junction, Colorado The Troutmau Orchard Oil Heater in Action Made by The Round Crest Orchard Heater Company, Canon City, Colorado them for the coming year's growth. If pruned too early the naturally dormant newly formed buds develop short, tender laterals which frequently per- ish during the winter, while if pruned too late only strong buds are developed for the coming spring's wood growth. Practically the same principles are carried out in summer pruning as in winter pruning, only it usually requires a little more nerv
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Photograph Copyrighted by F. E. Dean, Grand Junction, Colorado The Troutmau Orchard Oil Heater in Action Made by The Round Crest Orchard Heater Company, Canon City, Colorado them for the coming year's growth. If pruned too early the naturally dormant newly formed buds develop short, tender laterals which frequently per- ish during the winter, while if pruned too late only strong buds are developed for the coming spring's wood growth. Practically the same principles are carried out in summer pruning as in winter pruning, only it usually requires a little more nerve and decision to remove the same amount of wood dur- ing the summer time as during the winter time. Especially is this true when the branches are laden with half-grown fruit because very few men realize the actual limitations of an average bearing tree. If the tree is old and has a dense top open up the center to permit sunlight and air to enter. Thin out the sides by removing from one-tenth to one-fourth of the branches, always cutting back to a limb and never leaving a long stub to die or throw out a big crop of sprouts. Summer pruning cannot be profitably practiced on old, stunted, dying trees, as they need rejuvenation which comes with winter pruning, but may be profitably practiced upon old, thrifty, shy bearing, trees. Large limbs can be removed at this time just as safely as at any other season of the year, only it is not advisable to remove too much of the top at once. Where great quantities of wood must be removed it is better to distribute its removal over a period of from two to three years rather than entirely unbal- ance the tree's growth. To properly summer prune a young tree one need pay little attention to the small, slender twigs on the inside of the framework. These are naturally tardy growers, and while they can be made to bear earlier, the important work consists in cutting back the upper, stronger leaders and lateral branches, removing from one- third to o
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