. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. ement of the cartilaginous supports of the Klaatsch. The lower figures represent (left) the theoretic mode of direct original evolution of thebones of the fringe-fin (A, B) of a Crossopterygian tish—the Rhipidistia type of Cope—•into the bony, five-rayed limb (C) of an amphibian of the Carboniferous Epoch (afterGregory); and (right) the secondary, reversed evolution of the five-rayed liml) of aland reptile (.4) into the fin or paddle (B, C) of an ichthyosaur (after Osborn). tained by Car
. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. ement of the cartilaginous supports of the Klaatsch. The lower figures represent (left) the theoretic mode of direct original evolution of thebones of the fringe-fin (A, B) of a Crossopterygian tish—the Rhipidistia type of Cope—•into the bony, five-rayed limb (C) of an amphibian of the Carboniferous Epoch (afterGregory); and (right) the secondary, reversed evolution of the five-rayed liml) of aland reptile (.4) into the fin or paddle (B, C) of an ichthyosaur (after Osborn). tained by Carl Gegenbaur, who also upheld what he termedthe archipterygian theory of the origin of the vertebrate limb,namely, that the prototype of the modern limbed forms ofterrestrial vertebrates is to be found in the fin of the modernAustralian lung-fish, Ccratodus. This hypothesis of Gegen-baur, which has been warmly supported by a talented group ofhis students, is memorable as the last of the great hypothesesregarding vertebrate descent to be founded exclusively upon RISE OF MODERN FISHES 173. Fig. 54. Extremes of x^daptation inLocomotion axd of adaptation in the existing bonyfishes (Teleosts) of the Abyssal Zone ofthe Oceans. Although man\^ different or-ders of Teleosts are represented, each typehas independenth^ acquired phosphores-cent organs, affording a fine example ofthe law of adaptive convergence. Thebody form in these fishes is of greatdiversity. i. Thread-eel, Nemichlhysscolopaceus Richardson. 2. Barathromisdiaphanus BTiiuer. 3. Neoscopelus macrole-pidotus Johnson. 4, 5. Gastroslomns bairdi Gill and Ryder. 6. Gigantaclis ranhocj/cni-Brauer. 7. Sknioptyx diaphana Lowe. 8. Gigantitya chiini Brauer. 9. Mdanostomiasmdanops Brauer. 10. Stylophlhahniis paradoxus Brauer. 11. Opisthoprocliis solcatusVaillant. After models in the American Museum of Xatural History.
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