St. Elmo's Fire, 1860
The phenomenon known as St. Elmo's Fire illuminates the masthead of a sailing ship. In: "Naturwunder Im Reiche der Luft" by Dr. Zimmerman. Ca. 1860. Saint Elmo's Fire is a visible and sometimes audible electric discharge projecting from a pointed object, such as the mast of a ship or the wing of an airplane, during an electrical storm. First identified as an electrical phenomenon by Benjamin Franklin in 1749, St. Elmo's fire is a bluish-white plasma caused by the release of electrons in a strong electric field (200 or more volts per cm); the electrons have enough energy to ionize atoms in the air and cause them to glow. The phenomenon appears near pointed objects because electrical fields generated by charged surfaces are strongest where curves are sharpest. It is named after St. Elmo, the patron saint of mariners, as the phenomenon was often observed by sailors during thunderstorms at sea.
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