. A short history of England and the British Empire. dull race, who flow Through public scorn, mud from a muddy spring, —Rulers who neither see nor feel nor know, But leechlike to their fainting country cling, Till they drop, blind in blood, without a blow, — A people starved and stabbed in the untilled field, — A Senate, — Times worst statute unrepealed,Are graves from which a glorious phantom mayBurst to illumine our tempestuous day. George IV. 494. Divisions in the Tory Party died and was succeeded byhis unworthy son George IV. But as the new kinghad already governed thecountry for nine yea
. A short history of England and the British Empire. dull race, who flow Through public scorn, mud from a muddy spring, —Rulers who neither see nor feel nor know, But leechlike to their fainting country cling, Till they drop, blind in blood, without a blow, — A people starved and stabbed in the untilled field, — A Senate, — Times worst statute unrepealed,Are graves from which a glorious phantom mayBurst to illumine our tempestuous day. George IV. 494. Divisions in the Tory Party died and was succeeded byhis unworthy son George IV. But as the new kinghad already governed thecountry for nine years asregent for his insanefather, and as he retainedthe earlier ministers, nochange of policy could belooked for. The leadingspirit in the governmentwas neither the king northe prime minister, but Lord Castle- reagh, whowas secretary for It was Castle-reagh who had planned themilitary operation duringthe later years of the Napoleonic War. i Cheyney, No. 411; Gardiner, Gardiner, 882-884. In 1820 George III Robert Stewart, Lord CastlereaghHe had been an im- 3 Review sec. 484. CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION 54i portant figure in the Congress of Vienna and felt bound tosupport its principles of settlement. As the purpose of thisCongress was to restore as far as possible the conditions thatexisted before the French Revolution, Castlereagh fell under a strong suspicion of being areactionary. From a cabi-net dominated by a manof this type, the reformerscould expect no progressivemeasures. Castlereaghs rival wasGeorge Canning, whoheaded the moderate wingof the Tory party. AfterCastlereaghs death in 1822, Canning sue- _ ° . Canning,ceeded him in the foreign office. Fromthat moment the period ofreform may be said to date;for Canning was pledged toat least one reform, theremoval of Catholic disa-bilities. He accomplishednothing, however, except tokeep the agitation Catholic Matters came to a climax in1828, when the Duke of Wel
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