. Indika. The country and the people of India and Ceylon . India,dividing the northern from the southern half, were occupied chiefly by the fragments ofthe rude aboriginal the west, near the coastof Bombay, was the pow-erful kingdom of India was cov-ered principally by the fourgreat kingdoms of Chera,Chola, Pandya, and Vija-yanagar. Here was thepowerful abode of the abo-riginal or Dravidian popu-lation, who still speak forthe most part the Tamillanguage. The kingdom ofPandya had its capital atMadura; Chola, at Comba-conum and Tanjor; andChera at Talkad,in
. Indika. The country and the people of India and Ceylon . India,dividing the northern from the southern half, were occupied chiefly by the fragments ofthe rude aboriginal the west, near the coastof Bombay, was the pow-erful kingdom of India was cov-ered principally by the fourgreat kingdoms of Chera,Chola, Pandya, and Vija-yanagar. Here was thepowerful abode of the abo-riginal or Dravidian popu-lation, who still speak forthe most part the Tamillanguage. The kingdom ofPandya had its capital atMadura; Chola, at Comba-conum and Tanjor; andChera at Talkad,in have been no kings, outside of China, whose dynastywas of such long continuance as these. Their protracted ex-istence is attributable to remoteness from the points of Pandya dynasty numbered one hundred and sixteen kings,and extended, approximately, from the seventh century beforeChrist down to 1304. The Chera kingdom had a dynasticline of fifty kings, and Chola one of sixty-six. The most modern of the four Hindu kingdoms was Vijayana-. LOTA (DRINKING-VESSEL), OLD BRASS,HINDU. * Hunter, Brief History of the Indian People, pp. 100,101. INDIA l.\ HISTORY. i: gar, or Narsingha. It existed from 1118 to L565. [ts cap-ital can still be traced within the Madras districl of Bellaryon the right bank of the Tungabhadra River, where there are tobe seen extensive ruins of temples, fortifications, tombs, andbridges, haunted by hyenas and snakes. For at leasl three cent-uries the kingdom of Vijayanagar dominated over the southernpart of the Indian triangle.* It was one of the descendantthe royal family of this kingdom who granted to the English thesite of Madras, in 1639, and thus laid the foundation of theBritish empire in India. No general description of the kingdoms and rulers of In-dia at this period can present an adequate picture of thereal state of the country. While there were large kingdomswhich had been able to perpetuate themselves for many cen-turies, there
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