A treatise on orthopedic surgery . comes flattenedinto a club or hammer-like form. The nail is distorted andoften ingrown ; in most cases a corn or callus forms upon theextremity of the toe, and a small bursa and corn over the pro-jecting knuckle on the dorsal surface. A third corn or callus is DISABILITIES AND DEFORMITIES OF THE FOOT. 177 often found beneath the head of the metatarsal bone which hasbeen forced downward by the flexion of the toe. Hammer-toe is usually bilateral; it may be congenital andeven hereditary, but it is usually caused by shoes that are tooshort and too narrow. The sec
A treatise on orthopedic surgery . comes flattenedinto a club or hammer-like form. The nail is distorted andoften ingrown ; in most cases a corn or callus forms upon theextremity of the toe, and a small bursa and corn over the pro-jecting knuckle on the dorsal surface. A third corn or callus is DISABILITIES AND DEFORMITIES OF THE FOOT. 177 often found beneath the head of the metatarsal bone which hasbeen forced downward by the flexion of the toe. Hammer-toe is usually bilateral; it may be congenital andeven hereditary, but it is usually caused by shoes that are tooshort and too narrow. The second toe is deformed most often,because it is the longest and because it suffers most from thelateral compression as well. The deformity begins, as a rule, inearly childhood, when, the growth of the foot being rapid, it ismore likely to suffer from the effects of outgrown shoes, andsocks as well. —The symptoms are practically those of the cornsor blisters caused by the pressure of the shoe, but they are often Fig. Hammer-toe, hallux valgus, and flat-foot. sufficiently troublesome to interfere seriously not only with thecomfort, but with the ability of the patient. Treatment.—The resistance to the rectification of the de-formity is caused by the accommodative changes that followhabitual malposition. In cases of long standing all the tissuesmay be involved in the contraction, of which the most resistantare the shortened capsular and lateral ligaments of the firstinterphalangeal joint. The congenital hammer-toe of the infant may be treated bydaily manipulation, the toe being held in proper position bynarow strips of adhesive plaster passed over and under it andabout its fellows. In older children a digitation in the stockingwill often hold the toe in place if the deformity is slight and ifa wide shoe is worn. In adult cases, in addition to the manipu-lation and shoe, a retention apparatus, in the form of a lightplantar splint, or stiffened inner sole to which t
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Keywords: ., bookauthorwhitmanr, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1910
