. The biology of the Protozoa. Protozoa; Protozoa. 274 BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOA nium lumila (Fig. 130) according to Schiitt is found in the plankton as a large cyst-like organism, not unlike Noctihica, containing a single nucleus. This divides four times and 16 daughter cells are formed each of which develops into a "horned cyst" and gives rise to 8 small Gymnodinium-like products (Fig. 130, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Schiitt's inference that these ultimate products are gametes which conjugate and give rise to the spherical cysts, has not been con- firmed. Conjugation stages in Ceratium hinmdine
. The biology of the Protozoa. Protozoa; Protozoa. 274 BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOA nium lumila (Fig. 130) according to Schiitt is found in the plankton as a large cyst-like organism, not unlike Noctihica, containing a single nucleus. This divides four times and 16 daughter cells are formed each of which develops into a "horned cyst" and gives rise to 8 small Gymnodinium-like products (Fig. 130, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Schiitt's inference that these ultimate products are gametes which conjugate and give rise to the spherical cysts, has not been con- firmed. Conjugation stages in Ceratium hinmdineUa have been described by G. Entz (1910), and by Zederbaur (1904), which recall the sexual processes of the desmids, the zygote according to their. Fig. 133.—Haplozoon clymeneUa, regarded by Chatton as a parasitic dinoflagellate; (a) primary attaching individual which gives rise to a chain of cells terminating in cells with four nuclei {h). (After Calkins.) interpretation giving rise to the characteristic "four-horned ; The great variability, and the frequency of pathological conditions in Ceratmm make this so-called conjugation process questionable. The Blastodinidte are all jjarasitic and have lost most of the characteristic dinoflagellate structures, the affinities being indi- cated, as in Noctihica, by the structure of the spores (dinospores). Some are external parasites on appendages and gill filaments of pelagic animals; on animals, on diatoms (Pmdsenella), or on eggs of copepods, etc. Others are internal parasites of digestive tract or coelom {Syndiniwn). Some types {Ayodinmm, Farapodiniinu,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Calkins, Gary N. (Gary Nathan), b. 1869. Philadelphia, New York, Lea & Febiger
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