James Madison . the Northern ships inthe enumeration of population, Morris would havediscovered no dilemma, and Pinckney nothingto be alarmed at. So palpable an outrage oncommon sense would have been merely laughed atby both. In reply to Pinckney, however, Morris grewbolder. It was high time, he said, to speakout. He came there to form a compact for thegood of America. He hoped and believed that allwould enter into such compact. If they wouldnot, he was ready to join with any States thatwould. But as the compact was to be voluntary,it is in vain for the Eastern States to insist onwhat the Sout
James Madison . the Northern ships inthe enumeration of population, Morris would havediscovered no dilemma, and Pinckney nothingto be alarmed at. So palpable an outrage oncommon sense would have been merely laughed atby both. In reply to Pinckney, however, Morris grewbolder. It was high time, he said, to speakout. He came there to form a compact for thegood of America. He hoped and believed that allwould enter into such compact. If they wouldnot, he was ready to join with any States thatwould. But as the compact was to be voluntary,it is in vain for the Eastern States to insist onwhat the Southern States will never agree is equally vain for the latter to require whatthe other States can never admit, and he verilybelieved the people of Pennsylvania will neveragree to a representation of negroes; of negroes,he meant, counted as human beings, not for theirown representation, but, as ships might be comited,for the increased representation of those who heldthem as property. The next day he spoke out. ^n^^l^^ /^ tir-u^ 4yr>^ i^c^i- e^ T THE COMPROMISES 99 still more plainly. If negroes, he said, wereto be viewed as inhabitants, . . they ought to beadded in their entire number, and not in the pro-portion of three fifths. If as property, the word wealth was right, — as the basis, that is, ofrepresentation. The distinction that had been setup by Madison and others between the Northernand Southern States he considered as heretical andgroundless. But it was persisted in, and he sawthat the Southern gentlemen will not be satisfiedunless they see the way open to their gaining amajority in the public councils. . Either thisdistinction [between the North and the South] isfictitious or real; if fictitious, let it be dismissed,and let us proceed with due confidence. If it bereal, instead of attempting to blend incompatiblethings, let us at once take a friendly leave of eachother. But could they take a friendly leave of eachother ? Should a union be secured on the termsthe
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