. Development and electrical distribution of water power . o the penstock, though in some instancespipes conduct the water to the penstock. Whenever it is feasible,the open penstock should be used, as the regulation obtainableon the water-wheels is improved and they are more accessible forinspection and repair. Some plants have the water supplied by a canal which endsin a forebay near the power-house, and a short tube conducts thewater to iron-encased wheels. Power-houses for such equipmentsare similar to the arrangement shown in Fig. 21. Power-houses of the second class, , where the disch
. Development and electrical distribution of water power . o the penstock, though in some instancespipes conduct the water to the penstock. Whenever it is feasible,the open penstock should be used, as the regulation obtainableon the water-wheels is improved and they are more accessible forinspection and repair. Some plants have the water supplied by a canal which endsin a forebay near the power-house, and a short tube conducts thewater to iron-encased wheels. Power-houses for such equipmentsare similar to the arrangement shown in Fig. 21. Power-houses of the second class, , where the discharge water DESIGN OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER-HOUSES 43 from the turbines does not pass under the house, but alongside ofit, are usually for small-capacity plants. The house may besupported in any manner which seems most suitable for the par-ticular situation, no provision being made for the passage of waterunderneath it. Fig. 23 is a view of a plant of this type. The tur-bines are supported on a masonry foundation extended upward — 33 ± Fig. 24. until its surface is approximately level with the power-house archway in the water-wheel foundation provides for the dis-charge of water. Fig. 24 is a cross-section of this plant, showing the building wallsand the supporting piers for the generators, running down to bed-rock. For small plants in warm or temperate climates this is an ex-cellent and low-priced form of construction. 44 DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER POWER The most general construction at present in favor is to buildthe power station at the dam, when possible, and to let one wallof the power-house be close to the dam, and in some cases the rearof the dam forms one wall of the house. This portion of the damis not made in the same form as the rest, but rises much higher thanthe crest of the spillway portion and is simply shaped to give therequisite resisting strength, not curved to carry away overflow, sincethere is no passage of water over
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