. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 28 F. J. GRIFFIN ET AL. hatched. In the experiments to ascertain whether sahnity delayed hatching, the cuhures were scored at 24-h inter- vals for 3 days after hatching reached 40% in 'A FSW cultures. In these experiments the salinity of FSW was 28 ppt; therefore, the different-salinity FSWs were ppt ('4 FSW), 14 ppt ('A FSW), and 28 ppt (full-strength FSW). The total number of chorions was counted each day to determine if embryos or empty chorions had been inadvertently removed during water exchanges in cul- tures. Resu
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 28 F. J. GRIFFIN ET AL. hatched. In the experiments to ascertain whether sahnity delayed hatching, the cuhures were scored at 24-h inter- vals for 3 days after hatching reached 40% in 'A FSW cultures. In these experiments the salinity of FSW was 28 ppt; therefore, the different-salinity FSWs were ppt ('4 FSW), 14 ppt ('A FSW), and 28 ppt (full-strength FSW). The total number of chorions was counted each day to determine if embryos or empty chorions had been inadvertently removed during water exchanges in cul- tures. Results The salinity tolerance ranges for fertilization in C. pal- lasi from San Francisco Bay, California, USA, and C. h. membras from Airisto Sound, Turku, Finland, overlap, but are significantly different (Figs. 2, 3). The optimum salinity for C. h. membras in our experiments was 8 ppt ( ± fertilization), with decreases in fertiliza- tion to ± at 4 ppt and ± at 24 ppt (Fig. 2). Fertilization in C. pallasi peaked at 16 ppt ( ± 15%) with decreases to ± at 8 ppt and ± at 32 ppt. After normalization of the data such that the highest fertilization percentage observed for each species was designated as 100% (Fig. 3), the significance of the differences in salinity tolerance was determined. In 8 ppt, fertilization of C. h. membras was significantly higher {P < ) than that of C. pal- lasi (see Fig. 3). At 24 ppt, the difference between the 100 O 80 60 - p 40 DC HI 20. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 SALINITY (ppt) Figure 2. Fertilization in Clupeu pallasi from San Francisco Bay (â ) and C. h. membras from Airisto Sound, Finland (â¢) in seawater of different salinities; n = 3. Vertical lines = std. dev. - c ja 100 - N ^^ g 80- / / > 1^ \ z 1 / \ b â ! o / f \ b 60 / / \ < / / \ N / / \ _l / / ^ \ h- / / \ \ cr 40 / / \ \ LU / / \ V Ll. ^ V V V, T 20 - i b V 0 - 16 24 32 SALINITY (ppt) Figure 3. Norma
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