. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. s sits onsteep and river bank. No sketch, however imperfect, of Rus-sia may pass as adequate that does not THE SL. I IS.—/:X17KOXMENT. W include some reference to the the southern part of European Rus-sia is embraced in the Aspects and . vegeta


. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. s sits onsteep and river bank. No sketch, however imperfect, of Rus-sia may pass as adequate that does not THE SL. I IS.—/:X17KOXMENT. W include some reference to the the southern part of European Rus-sia is embraced in the Aspects and . vegetation of stcppc rcgion. In the ex- the steppes. ^^.^^^^^ ^^^^^j^^ ^^_^^^ -^^ ^^,^^^^ the borders of the Black sea and the foot-hills of the Caucasus, reaching- north-ward into West Russia and the southernparts of Great Russia, are the steppesproper. These consist of high-lyingplains of varied surface, traversed with is pfieen and abundant. This, however,does not hold with the oncoining of sum-mer, the green of the landscape givesaway, and the steppes, notwithstandingthe fertility of the soil, take somethingof the desert aspect. Closer scrutiny,however, will show here and there con-siderable areas of rich vegetation, hav-ing deeper root and capable of bearing-the summer heat. The valleys, withtheir strips of woods, also remain green,. TRAVKRSING THE STEPPES.—Drawn by Vaumart, after a sketch of Madame de Bourboulon. streams and valleys of small extent, andbearing a fertile soil. The leading fea-ture of the landscape is its treeless char-acter. All of this part of the country isdevoid of tree-growth except in the val-leys, which mark the courses of summerstreams. It is the peculiarity of the sit-uation that such woods are developedbelow the line of vision. The observer,standing on the upland, sees only an ex-panse of undulating country more ir-regular in surface than the Americanprairies, but having much of their gen-eral appearance. The vegetation of the steppes in spring10 an


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectworldhistory, bookyea