. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 408 THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN MAMMALIA. Interior.—Viewed internally, the caecum offers for study the valvulce or transverse ridges corresi)onding to the external furrows. We have already seen that these are due to simple circular folds, comprising in their thick- ness the three tunics of the organ, and that they are susceptible of being effaced by distention, to re-appear afterwards in varying number and position ; differing widely, in this respect, from the valvulae conniventes of the small intestine. Two orifices, pl
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 408 THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN MAMMALIA. Interior.—Viewed internally, the caecum offers for study the valvulce or transverse ridges corresi)onding to the external furrows. We have already seen that these are due to simple circular folds, comprising in their thick- ness the three tunics of the organ, and that they are susceptible of being effaced by distention, to re-appear afterwards in varying number and position ; differing widely, in this respect, from the valvulae conniventes of the small intestine. Two orifices, placed one above the other, open on the internal surface of the caecum, at the point corr'^ioouding to the concavity of the crook. The Fis. 204. GENERAL VIEW OP THE INTESTINES OF THE HORSE ; SEEN FROM THE RIGHT SIDE, WITH THE PELVIC CURVATURE AND A PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CARRIED BEYOND THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. a, (Esophagus ; b, Right sac of the stomach; c, Small intestine, showing its origin, or duodenal portion encii-cling the base of the caicum; d, Ca3cum ; e, Origin of the large colon; /, First portion of the large colon; g. Suprasternal flexure; h. Second portion of the large colon ; t, Pelvic flexure ; j, Third portion of the large colon; k, Diaphragmatic flexure ; I, Fourth portion of the large colon; m, Ter- mination of the free colon ; n, Rectum ; o, Mesentery proper; ]?, Colic mesentery (meso-colon); r, Neck of the vaginal canal; s, Spermatic vessels; t. Deferent canal; u, Bladder; v, Vesicular seminales; x, Pelvic enlargement of the deferen canal; y, Prostate ; z, Suspensory ligament of the penis. most inferior represents the terminal opening of the small intestine at the centre of the ilio-ccecal valve, whose presence in the domesticated animals has, in consequence of a wrong ajipreciation of analogies, been denied; it is nothing more than the projection described as being made by the end of the small intestine. The second opening, placed about 1^ or 2 inches a
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