A system of gynecology . e entire length of the anterior wall, anumber of folds will be observed in the mucous lining. Those nearthe anus have mostly a longitudinal direction, and are known as thecolumns of Morgagni, the depressions between them being calledthe sinuses of Morgagni; they are said to be corrugations of themucous membrane due to the contraction of the sphincter, and tinynearly all disappear when the gut is distended. Higher up in thebowel are various circular and oblique folds. Three of the lattervariety are permanent; they include a portion of the muscular as wellas the mucous s
A system of gynecology . e entire length of the anterior wall, anumber of folds will be observed in the mucous lining. Those nearthe anus have mostly a longitudinal direction, and are known as thecolumns of Morgagni, the depressions between them being calledthe sinuses of Morgagni; they are said to be corrugations of themucous membrane due to the contraction of the sphincter, and tinynearly all disappear when the gut is distended. Higher up in thebowel are various circular and oblique folds. Three of the lattervariety are permanent; they include a portion of the muscular as wellas the mucous stratum, and are about half an inch in depth. One ofthese projects from the anterior wall at a distance of an inch and a halffrom the anus,2 another is on the right side of the canal, on a level withthe sacral promontory, while a third is situated midway between thetwo on the left side. The lowest fold has been called the valve of Houston, while Ilyrtlhas described it under the name of sphincter ani tertius. The so-calle(. 1 Vide Chadwick, The Function of the Anal Sphincters, Trans. Am. Gyn. Soc,vol. ii. p. 43. % Fllis (op. at., p. 583) says that it is three inches from the anus, on the front ofthe rectum, opposite the base of the bladder. RECTUM. 199 thin! sphincter of the rectum is a structure which has received nosmall amount of attention—more, in fact, than it quite deserves. Therehas been much controversy regarding its location, appearance, and func-tion. All authorities agree that folds and constrictions do exist withinthe rectum, bu1 they differ widely as to the number of folds and theexact situation of those which form the third sphincter. Chadwick1describes and figures it as consisting of two crescentic rugse, one ofwhich is in the anterior wall (corresponding with the lowest valve ofHouston), while the other is an inch higher up in the posterior writer has seen the upper fold so prominent that it was mistakenfor a stricture. On the other hand, he has met wit
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