. Handbook of medical entomology. Insect pests; Insects as carriers of disease; Medical parasitology. 25. Sting of a honey bee. Psn Sc, base of acid poison gland; B Gl, alkaline poison gland; Stn Pip, sting palpu Sh B, bulb of sting; 5/i A, basal arm; Z,cr, lancets or darts; Shs, shaft of sting. Modified from Snodgrass. like sting palpi. Comparative morphological as well as embryologi- cal studies have clearly established that these three parts corres- pond to the three pairs of gonopophyses of the ovipositor of more generalized insects. An examination of the inter- nal structures (fig. 26) re
. Handbook of medical entomology. Insect pests; Insects as carriers of disease; Medical parasitology. 25. Sting of a honey bee. Psn Sc, base of acid poison gland; B Gl, alkaline poison gland; Stn Pip, sting palpu Sh B, bulb of sting; 5/i A, basal arm; Z,cr, lancets or darts; Shs, shaft of sting. Modified from Snodgrass. like sting palpi. Comparative morphological as well as embryologi- cal studies have clearly established that these three parts corres- pond to the three pairs of gonopophyses of the ovipositor of more generalized insects. An examination of the inter- nal structures (fig. 26) reveals two distinct types of poison glands, the acid-secreting and the alkaline-secreting glands, and a prominent poison reser- voir. In addition, there is a small pair of accessory struct- ures which have been called lubricating glands, on account of the supposed function of their product. The acid-secreting gland empties into the distal end of the poison reservoir which in turn pours the secretion into the muscular bxdb-like enlargement at the base of the shaft. The alkaline secreting gland empties into the bulb ventrad of the narrow neck of the reservoir. The poison is usually referred to as formic acid. That it is not so easily explained has been repeatedly shown and is evidenced by the presence of the two types of glands. Carlet maintains that the pro- duct of either gland is in itself innocent, —it is only when they are combined that the toxic properties appear. The most detailed study of the poison of the honey-bee is that of Josef Langer (1897), who in the course of his work used some 25,000 bees. Various methods , of obtaining the active poison for experi- mental pvurposes were used. For obtaining the pure secretion, bees were held in the fingers and compressed until the sting was exserted, when a clear drop of the poison was visible at its tip. This was then taken up in a capillary tube or dilute solutions obtained by dipping the tip of the sting into a definite amou
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectinsectp, bookyear1915
