. Electric railway journal . ing the aisle between the machine and forge shops or maybe run directly under cranes in buildings. REGRADING OF PROPERTY The property on which the new shops are being erected was February 4, 1911.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL. 205 formerly used as a brickyard and was for the most part al-ready on the desired level, but in some places grading wasnecessary. This grading, together with excavation for drains,foundations, retaining walls, pits, etc., necessitated the movingof about 64,000 cu. yd. of earth. This was excavated with steamshovels and the excess earth from the
. Electric railway journal . ing the aisle between the machine and forge shops or maybe run directly under cranes in buildings. REGRADING OF PROPERTY The property on which the new shops are being erected was February 4, 1911.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL. 205 formerly used as a brickyard and was for the most part al-ready on the desired level, but in some places grading wasnecessary. This grading, together with excavation for drains,foundations, retaining walls, pits, etc., necessitated the movingof about 64,000 cu. yd. of earth. This was excavated with steamshovels and the excess earth from the excavations and highplaces was transferred to the lower end, thus making the shop being used to the yard of concrete. In the calculations for thewalls the reinforcing steel was assumed to have a tensile stressof 16,000 lb. per square inch. DRAINAGE A comprehensive drainage system has been installed to carefor the surface water and the water collected from the roofsof the buildings. The trunk line of this drainage system is a. New Milwaukee Shops—Recent View of Steel Work for Forge Shop property practically level except for the slope required fordrainage. On its west side and on part of the north side the shopproperty adjoins city streets and the marked change in grademade necessary the erection of about 2300 Jin. ft. of retainingwalls at the property lines. The walls vary in height from yft. to 28 ft. and are constructed of reinforced concrete. Atypical plan and section of one part of the wall is general all walls less than 20 ft. high are of the cantilevertype and higher walls of the counterfort type. Expansionjoints are placed every 50 ft. These are made by completelyseparating the two sections of walls by introducing layers oftar paper. The retaining wall along the north side of the prop-erty is surmounted by a 5-ft. concrete fence to protect thestreet traffic. The wall along the west side of the property av- 20-in. sewer, with a fall of per cent, which
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