. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. rshad illustrated, wentdown, smotheredunder the dull weightof German invasion. The arts which they had protected and cher-ished were despised and forgotten; the Saracens were persecuted,the Jews were expelled. After the death of the second William,the internal peace and security which his kingdom had enjoyed fora half century were broken by the war of succession, which endedin 1197 in the accession of Frederick II., and which was followedduring his minority by constant and violent disturbances amo
. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. rshad illustrated, wentdown, smotheredunder the dull weightof German invasion. The arts which they had protected and cher-ished were despised and forgotten; the Saracens were persecuted,the Jews were expelled. After the death of the second William,the internal peace and security which his kingdom had enjoyed fora half century were broken by the war of succession, which endedin 1197 in the accession of Frederick II., and which was followedduring his minority by constant and violent disturbances among the ^ I do not forget the slightly earlier churches, such as the Martorana, San Cataldo,and San Giovanni degli Eremiti, in which the Normans allowed themselves to follow thetraditions of the native races whom they found in possession. But I do not considerthese as belonging strictly in the category of the Norman churches, which I take toinclude those only in which the basilican plan formed the basis of the composition, how-ever modified and transformed by the influence of the native Fig. 321. La Cubola. 122 ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY now discordant races of the population. All important building waspractically suspended for a generation or more. When it was atlength resumed, the style had lost the characteristics of the earlierand better days of the kingdom. For though the persecution ofJews and Saracens had not been continued by Frederick, yet underthe exclusive favor which he bestowed on the Lombard element inhis population, the other elements steadily declined. The partialrevival of architecture in the fourteenth century saw another style,the style of the Palazzo dei Tribunali at Palermo, in which the Sara-cenic element had well-nigh disappeared, while the half military andmassive construction of the Northern cities had taken the place ofthe lightness and elegance of the older style. CHAPTER VIITHE MONASTERIES The early years of the sixth century saw the rapid growth i
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