Text book of abdominal surgery : a clinical manual for practitioners and students . ight kidney lies alongside the twelfth dorsal andfirst three lumbar vertebra?, being pushed down by the liver;the left reaches as high as the upper border of the twelfthdorsal, and barely so low as the third lumbar vertebra. Fromthe front, about one half of the right kidney is covered by thechest wall, and proportionally more of the left. On deepinspiration, both, but especially the right, are pushed down toan appreciable extent, and in this way it is often possible tofeel with great distinctness fully one half
Text book of abdominal surgery : a clinical manual for practitioners and students . ight kidney lies alongside the twelfth dorsal andfirst three lumbar vertebra?, being pushed down by the liver;the left reaches as high as the upper border of the twelfthdorsal, and barely so low as the third lumbar vertebra. Fromthe front, about one half of the right kidney is covered by thechest wall, and proportionally more of the left. On deepinspiration, both, but especially the right, are pushed down toan appreciable extent, and in this way it is often possible tofeel with great distinctness fully one half of each gland. Theouter borders of the kidneys correspond with the outer border 256 THE KIDNEY. of the erector spina? muscles, and are situated about four inchesfrom the vertebral spines. Both kidneys lie behind the peritoneum, the anterior surface,which also looks outwards, being covered more or less by thatmembrane. They are kept in position by their vessels and bya bed of adipose tissue which surrounds them. The posteriorsurfaces look inwards and backwards, and rest upon the. Fig. 17.—Diagram to show the Normal Blood Supply of the Kidneys.(Hepburn.) 1, Abdominal aorta; 2, phrenic arteries; 3, coeliac axis; 4, superior mesentericartery; 5, middle suprarenal artery (left); 6, renal artery (left); 7, ovarian (orspermatic) arteries ; S, inferior mesenteric artery ; 9, inferior vena cava ; 10, 10, renalveins (the left is cut); 11, hepatic veins; a, a, kidneys; b, b, suprarenal capsules;c, c, ureters ; d, oesophageal opening in diaphragm. diaphragm, lumbar fascial, and the psoas muscles. In front ofthe right are the liver, the second part of the duodenum, andthe hepatic flexure of the colon; the position of the latter beingof especial importance, as it is pushed forwards by enlargementsof the kidney. It is thus an aid in diagnosis, and its positionhas also to be borne in mind while operating. In front of theleft are the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and the descending colon. SURGI
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectabdomen, bookyear1894
