. Human physiology : designed for colleges and the higher classes in schools, and for general reading. ee, is a funnel-shaped cavity, tapering down tothe oesophagus, the opening ofwhich is considerably below theopening of the trachea. 79. When the food enters theoesophagus, it is carried throughthat tube into the stomach by the ac-tion of muscular fibres. These fibresare represented in Fig. 12. The cir-cular fibres are seen at a and b. Theseare removed at c, so as to show thelongitudinal fibres. It is by the con-sent of action between these differentsets of fibres that the food is propelledthr
. Human physiology : designed for colleges and the higher classes in schools, and for general reading. ee, is a funnel-shaped cavity, tapering down tothe oesophagus, the opening ofwhich is considerably below theopening of the trachea. 79. When the food enters theoesophagus, it is carried throughthat tube into the stomach by the ac-tion of muscular fibres. These fibresare represented in Fig. 12. The cir-cular fibres are seen at a and b. Theseare removed at c, so as to show thelongitudinal fibres. It is by the con-sent of action between these differentsets of fibres that the food is propelledthrough the oesophagus. As the fooddescends, a dilatation of the circularfibres must everywhere take placewhere the food is, and a contractionof them immediately behind it—thedilatation making the way for it, andthe contraction forcing it along. Andin animals that chew the cud, theseactions must be reversed when the ballof food is forced up through the oesoph-agus into the mouth. 80. The food being introduced intothe stomach, is here subjected to theaction of the gastric juice. This is a 5 FIG. VIEW OF THE THROAT FROMBEHIND. FIG. 12. OESOPHAGUS LAID OPEN. f)0 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Gastric juice. Chemical in its action. peculiar fluid, somewhat acid in its character, which is secretedby very minute follicles, or bag-like cavities, situated in the sub-stance of the mucous membrane. Ordinarily there is none ofthis fluid in the stomach whofn there is no food there. made some very interesting observations on this, aswell as many other points, in the remarkable case which fellunder his care. The individual, Alexis St. Martin, received awound in his left side by the bursting of a gun. The wound,which opened into the stomach, never entirely closed, but anorifice remained, after the healing process had done all that itcould. Through this orifice, Dr. Beaumont could look into thestomach, and observe what was going on there. He describesthe mucous membrane, in its healthy stat
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